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Journal of Dental Research
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Biological

Porcine Amelogenin is Expressed from the X and Y Chromosomes

T. Ikawa1, A. Kakegawa1, T. Nagano2, H. Ando1, Y. Yamakoshi3, T. Tanabe1, J.P. Simmer3, C.-C. Hu3, M. Fukae1 and S. Oida1,*

1 Department of Biochemistry and
2 Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, Tsurumi University, 2-1-3 Tsurumi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan; and
3 Dental Research Laboratory, University of Michigan, 1210 Eisenhower Place, Ann Arbor, MI 48108, USA;

Correspondence: * corresponding author, oida-s{at}tsurumi-u.ac.jp

Amelogenin is the major enamel matrix component in developing teeth. In eutherian mammals, amelogenin is expressed from the X chromosome only, or from both the X and Y chromosomes. Two classes of porcine amelogenin cDNA clones have been characterized, but the chromosomal localization of the gene(s) encoding them is unknown. To determine if there are sex-based differences in the expression of porcine amelogenin, we paired PCR primers for exons 1a, 1b, 7a, and 7b, and amplified enamel organ-derived cDNA separately from porcine males and females. The results show that exons 1a/2a and 7a are always together and can be amplified from both males (XY) and females (XX). Exons 1b/2b and 7b are also always paired, but can be amplified only from females. We conclude that porcine amelogenin is expressed from separate genes on the X and Y chromosomes, and not, as previously proposed, from a single gene with two promoters.

Key Words: enamel • amelogenin • amelogenesis imperfecta • AMELX • sex chromosomes

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 84, No. 2, 144-148 (2005)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910508400207
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