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Journal of Dental Research
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Biological

Therapeutic Vaccine against Streptococcus sobrinus-induced Caries

M. Dinis1,5, D. Tavares1,2,5, A.J.M.M. Fonseca3,4, R. Faria1, A. Ribeiro1,2, A.M. Silvério Cabrita4 and P. Ferreira1,2,*

1 Laboratory of Immunology, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar, Lg. Prof. Abel Salazar 2, 4099-003 Porto,
2 Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Porto,
3 Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra-Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra, and
4 Faculdade de Medicina de Coimbra (Instituto de Patologia Experimental), Coimbra, Portugal;
5 authors contributing equally to this work;

Correspondence: * corresponding author, pauferr{at}icbas.up.pt

Streptococcus sobrinus produces a virulence-associated immunomodulatory protein (VIP) which suppresses the host-specific immune response and induces the early production of IL-10. In this study, we evaluated the effects of therapeutic immunization with this VIP on the incidence of caries in S. sobrinus-infected rats. Groups of Wistar rats were orally infected with S. sobrinus and fed with sucrose-sweetened drinking water ad libitum. Five days later, rats were immunized intranasally with active or heat-inactivated VIP plus alum as adjuvant or PBS plus adjuvant (sham-immunized). After 3 wks, all rats were re-immunized as above. Evaluation of dental caries showed that VIP-immunized animals had significantly fewer enamel sulcal and proximal caries lesions than did the sham-immunized animals (p < 0.001). The protective effects following therapeutic VIP immunization were attributed to the induced salivary immunoglobulin A specific to the VIP. These results offer a promising and safe strategy for the development of a vaccine against dental caries.

Key Words: Streptococcus sobrinus • dental caries • vaccination • VIP

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 83, No. 4, 354-358 (2004)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910408300416
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