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Journal of Dental Research
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Clinical

The Interleukin-1 Polymorphism, Smoking, and the Risk of Periodontal Disease in the Population-based SHIP Study

P. Meisel1,*, A. Siegemund1, R. Grimm2, F.H. Herrmann2, U. John3, C. Schwahn4 and T. Kocher4

1 Departments of Pharmacology,
2 Genetics,
3 Epidemiology, and
4 Periodontology, Ernst Moritz Arndt University, F-Loeffler-Str. 23d, D-17487 Greifswald, Germany;

Correspondence: *corresponding author, meiselp{at}uni-greifswald.de

Several studies have shown a role for interleukin-1 gene cluster polymorphisms in the risk assessment for periodontal diseases. In the Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP), 3148 subjects were randomly selected from the population and assessed for a broad range of diseases and environmental/behavioral risk factors. From the complete study group in the age 40 to 60 years, N = 1085 subjects were genotyped for the interleukin-1 genotype composite polymorphism in relation to periodontal parameters. The study objective was to elucidate the gene-environment interaction between the risk factors smoking and IL-1 polymorphism. An increased risk of periodontal disease was found for IL-1 genotype-positive smokers: odds ratio adjusted for age, sex, education, and plaque OR = 2.50 (95% C.I. 1.21 to 5.13; p = 0.013). This was not the case with subjects who never smoked: OR = 1.09 (0.73-1.62; p = 0.676). These results support the hypothesis of gene-environmental interaction in periodontitis.

Key Words: periodontal diseases • smoking • interleukin-1 • polymorphism • epidemiology

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 82, No. 3, 189-193 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200308
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