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Journal of Dental Research
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Biomaterials & Bioengineering

Long-term Water-aging of Whisker-reinforced Polymer-Matrix Composites

H.H.K. Xu

Paffenbarger Research Center, 100 Bureau Dr. Stop 8546, American Dental Association Health Foundation, Building 224, Room A-153, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899-8546; hockin.xu{at}nist.gov

Long-term water exposure may degrade polymer-matrix composites. This study investigated the water-aging of whisker composites. It was hypothesized that whiskers would provide stable and substantial reinforcement, and that whisker type would affect water-aging resistance. Silica-fused Si3N4 and SiC whiskers were incorporated into a resin. The specimens were tested by three-point flexure and nano-indentation vs. water-aging for 1 to 730 days. After 730 days, SiC composite had a strength (mean ± SD; n = 6) of 185 ± 33 MPa, similar to 146 ± 44 MPa for Si3N4 composite (p = 0.064); both were significantly higher than 67 ± 23 MPa for an inlay/onlay control (p < 0.001). Compared with 1 day, the strength of the SiC composite showed no decrease, while that of the Si3N4 composite decreased. The decrease was due to whisker weakening rather than to resin degradation or interface breakdown. Whisker composites also had higher moduli than the controls. In conclusion, silica-fused whiskers bonded to polymer matrix and resisted long-term water attack, resulting in much stronger composites than the controls after water-aging.

Key Words: long-term water-aging • whisker-silica fusion • polymer composite • filler-matrix interfaces • strength • modulus • reinforcement

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 82, No. 1, 48-52 (2003)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910308200111
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