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Maternal Periodontal Disease and Preterm Low Birthweight: Case-Control Study

¹ Department of Oral Growth and Development, Department of Paediatric Dentistry and 5MRC Molecular Pathogenesis Group, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary, University of London, Turner Street, London E1 2AD, UK;
² Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 2PR, UK;
³ Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College of Science, Technology and Medicine, London W12 ONN, UK, and
⁴ Barts and the London NHS Trust, London E1 2AD, UK;

Correspondence: *corresponding author, E.S.Davenport{at}mds.qmw.ac.uk

Periodontal disease has been suggested to be an important risk factor for preterm low birthweight (PLBW). Here we report a case-control study of 236 cases (infants < 37 wks and weighing < 2499 g) and a daily random sample of 507 controls ( 38 wks and weighing 2500 g). Clinical periodontal indices were measured on the labor wards. Associated risk factors for periodontal disease and PLBW were ascertained by means of a structured questionnaire and maternity notes. The risk for PLBW decreased with increasing pocket depth (odds ratio [OR] 0.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.68 to 1.00). After adjustment for maternal age, ethnicity, maternal education, smoking, alcohol consumption, infections, and hypertension during pregnancy, this decreased further (OR 0.78, 95% CI 0.64 to 0.99). We found no evidence for an association between PLBW and periodontal disease. Our results do not support a specific drive to improve periodontal health of pregnant women as a means of improving pregnancy outcomes.

Key Words: case-control study • maternal periodontal disease • preterm low-birthweight infants • risk factors • periodontal indices

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 81, No. 5, 313-318 (2002)
DOI: 10.1177/154405910208100505


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