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Assessment of Acid Production by Various Human Oral Micro-organisms when Palatinose or Leucrose is Utilized

Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany

C.J. Hauk

Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany

R. Kock

Institute of Clinical Chemistry, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany

F. Lampert

Clinic of Conservative and Preventive Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany

R. Lütticken

Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany

G. Haase

'Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital RWTH Aachen, 52057 Aachen, Germany, ghaase{at}post.klinikum.rwth-aachen.de

One promising way of reducing caries is by using sucrose substitutes in food, e.g., palatinose or leucrose. Previous experiments addressing cariogenic potential of sucrose substitutes have focused mainly on Streptococcus mutans. However, given the many other micro-organisms in the oral cavity, this study compared the acid production of 100 bacterial strains representing 44 different species, by batch fermentation in a test tube containing, as a sole carbohydrate source, glucose, sucrose, palatinose, or leucrose. Selected strains were further analyzed in a fermenter. Additionally, 30 yeast strains were tested by an auxanographic sugar assimilation test. Only Lactobacillus spp., Stomatococcus mucilaginosus, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Weissella para-mesenteroides, and some of the yeasts studied-i.e., Candida albicans, C. tropicalis, C. parapsilosis, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae-utilized leucrose and/or palatinose well. Strikingly, Stomatococcus mucilaginosus produced water-insoluble polysaccharides by fermentation of leucrose and palatinose. In the fermenter, the respective sucrose substitutes were not only cleaved but also utilized. Thus, extracellular cleavage by autochthonous micro-organisms may produce cariogenic cleavage products (glucose, fructose) that can be used by other well-characterized cariogenic bacteria found in the oral flora. Therefore, the anticariogenic potential of sucrose substitutes in food might be limited.

Key Words: caries • palatinose • leucrose • sugar fermentation of bacteria and yeasts.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 80, No. 1, 378-384 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800011401


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