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Large-scale Early in vitro Response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Suggests Superantigenic Activation of T-cells

Immune Response Laboratory, Department of Periodontology, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA, zadeh{at}hsc.usc.edu

A. Nalbant

Immune Response Laboratory, Department of Periodontology, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA

K. Park

Immune Response Laboratory, Department of Periodontology, University of Southern California, School of Dentistry, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA

The mode of T-cell response to Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans is largely unknown. The present study sought to investigate the hypothesis that A. actinomycetemcomitans expresses superantigens, capable of antigen-non-specific T-cell activation. To that end, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with A. actinomycetemcomitans, and T-cell expression of the early activation marker, CD69, was determined by flow cytometry. Results showed that A. actinomycetemcomitans activated a large number of T-cells with magnitude similar to that of staphylococcal enterotoxin superantigens. A. actinomycetemcomitans sonicate preferentially activated T-cells expressing Vβ5.1 and Vβ8, while the extracellular preparation activated Vβ5.1⁺, Vβ8⁺, and Vβ12 ⁺ T-cells. T-cell response to A. actinomycetemcomitans was observed in the presence of autologous, as well as heterologous, antigen-presenting cells, suggesting a MHC-non-restricted response. Thus, the in vitro response to A. actinomycetemcomitans is characterized by large-scale T-cell activation in a Vβ-specific and MHC-non-restricted manner, consistent with the involvement of superantigens.

Key Words: Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans • periodontitis • T-lymphocytes • T-cell activation • superantigens • CD69 • Vβ.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 80, No. 1, 356-362 (2001)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345010800011101


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