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Journal of Dental Research
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Mechanical Properties of Hydroxyapatite and OH-carbonated Hydroxyapatite Single Crystals

K. Teraoka

Institute of Earth Science, School of Education, Waseda University

A. Ito

Bionic Design Group, National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan 305

K. Maekawa

Institute of Earth Science, School of Education, Waseda University

K. Onuma

Bionic Design Group, National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan 305

T. Tateishi

Bionic Design Group, National Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research, 1-1-4 Higashi, Tsukuba-shi, Ibaraki, Japan 305

S. Tsutsumi

Institute of Earth Science, School of Education, Waseda University

Single-crystal hydroxyapatite and OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite have bending strength much higher than that of dense hydroxyapatite ceramic, indicating potential applicability to a load-bearing biomaterial. However, the effects of carbonate on the strength are less clear. The objective of the present study was to determine the bending strength and Young's modulus of these single crystals with carbonate contents from 0 to 0.62 in CO2 wt%. Three-point bending tests were performed by means of a modified ultramicrohardness tester with a span of 380 µm and a bending direction <210> of the single crystals. The crystals were broken in air, water, and air after immersion in a cell culture medium for 3 wks. The average Young's modulus of the single crystals was from 54 to 79 GPa. The average bending strength of the single crystals in air was 500 ± 184, 468 ± 205, 513 ± 151, and 450 ± 162 MPa for those with 0, 0.09, 0.37, and 0.62 wt% carbonate, respectively. No significant decrease in strength was found for hydroxyapatite single crystals both in water and after the immersion in the medium. However, the strength of OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite single crystals decreased significantly by 23 to 43% in water in proportion to the carbonate content. The strength of single crystals with 0.37 and 0.62 wt% carbonate decreased significantly, even after the immersion in the medium. Therefore, hydroxyapatite single crystals are superior to OH-carbonated hydroxyapatite single crystals as a biomaterial for a load-bearing purpose.

Key Words: hydroxyapatite • single crystal • three-point bending test • bending strength • Young's modulus.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 77, No. 7, 1560-1568 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345980770071201
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