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Submandibular Salivary Proteases: Lack of a Role in Anti-HIV Activity

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

C. Davis

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

W.R. Abrams

Department of Anatomy-Histology, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

P.C. Billings

Department of Pathology, School of Dental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

T. Nagashunmugam

Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

H. Friedman

Department of Infectious Disease, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

D. Malamudl

Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6003

Whole human saliva contains a number of proteolytic enzymes, mostly derived from white blood cells and bacteria in the oral cavity. However, less information is available regarding proteases produced by salivary glands and present in salivary secretions. In the present study, we have analyzed submandibular saliva, collected without contaminating cells, and identified multiple proteolytic activities. These have been characterized in terms of their susceptibility to a series of protease inhibitors. The submandibular saliva proteases were shown to be sensitive to both serine and acidic protease inhibitors. We also used protease inhibitors to determine if salivary proteolytic activity was involved in the inhibition of HIV infectivity seen when the virus is incubated with human saliva. This anti-HIV activity has been reported to occur in whole saliva and in ductal saliva obtained from both the parotid and submandibular glands, with highest levels of activity present in the latter fluid. Protease inhibitors, at concentrations sufficient to block salivary proteolytic activity in an in vitro infectivity assay, did not block the anti-HIV effects of saliva, suggesting that the salivary proteases are not responsible for the inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity.

Key Words: saliva • HIV-1 • proteases

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 77, No. 7, 1515-1519 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345980770070601


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