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Journal of Dental Research
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Abnormally High Levels of Cystatin S in Submandibular Glands, Saliva, and Gingiva of Plaque-resistant Rats

K. Abe

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

A. Okina

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

T. Yano

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

C. Gao

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

H. Ohmori

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

K. Ishibashi

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

T. Nishiura

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

A. Letic-Gavrilovic

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Fukuoka Dental College, Fukuoka 814-0193, Japan

To identify salivary biomarkers of periodontal diseases, we used plaque-resistant and -susceptible rats as animal models. The levels of salivary cystatin S in saliva, salivary glands, and gingiva were tested in Nembutal-anesthetized young and adult plaque-resistant and -susceptible rats of both sexes with and without chronic treatment with isoproterenol. Isoproterenol was injected i.p. once a day for 4 or 6 consecutive days. Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis by the PhastSystem and the Western blotting method were used to separate different proteins and to identify a salivary cystatin S band in these samples. The expression of salivary cystatin S mRNA was also determined by the Northern blotting method. Depending upon the types of agonists, a few differences were observed in secretory functions between both strains of rats in both sexes, but the levels of salivary cystatin S in saliva elicited from the submandibular gland and in the extracts of the submandibular glands and gingiva were significantly higher in plaque-resistant rats when compared with those of plaque-susceptible rats in both sexes. However, no significant difference was seen between the strains after chronic treatment with isoproterenol. The N-terminal 26-amino-acid sequence of salivary cystatin S purified from submandibular saliva of plaque-resistant rats was identical with that purified from submandibular saliva of Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to chronic treatment with isoproterenol. The expression of salivary cystatin S mRNA was dramatic in the submandibular glands of the plaque-resistant rats and in the submandibular glands of Wistar rats subjected to chronic treatment with isoproterenol, but not in those of plaque-susceptible rats. These results suggest that salivary cystatin S might be a good biomarker in distinguishing between the two strains of rats and that its concentration is correlated with plaque resistance.

Key Words: salivary cystatin S • plaque-resistant rat • plaque-susceptible rat • gingivitis • periodontitis.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 77, No. 11, 1913-1919 (1998)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345980770110801
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[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]