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Journal of Dental Research
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Surface Characterization of Amalgam Made with Hg-In Liquid Alloy

H. Nakajima

Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry-Texas A&M University System, P.O. Box 660677, Dallas, Texas 75266-0677

Y. Akaiwa

Laboratory of X-ray Analysis, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan

H. Hashimoto

Department of Dental Materials Science, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Saitama, Japan

J.L. Ferracane

Department of Biomaterials and Biomechanics, Oregon Health Sciences University School of Dentistry, Portland, Oregon

T. Okabe

Department of Biomaterials Science, Baylor College of Dentistry-Texas A&M University System, P.O. Box 660677, Dallas, Texas 75266-0677

When amalgam was triturated with Hg-In liquid alloys instead of pure mercury, the resultant amalgams released a significantly smaller amount of mercury vapor during setting. To understand the mechanisms responsible for the drastic decrease in mercury evaporation from the In-containing amalgam, we used Auger Electron Spectroscopy to examine surface oxide films on amalgams made with Hg-10 wt% In or pure mercury. The surface of the In-containing amalgam was rapidly covered with both indium and tin oxide films. Greater amounts of oxygen were found on the {gamma}1 Ag-Hg matrix in the In-containing amalgam than in the amalgam without indium. The rapid formation of the oxide film contributes to a reduction in the mercury release from the In-containing amalgam by forming an effective barrier to evaporation.

Key Words: amalgam • mercury • indium • surface • oxidation.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 76, No. 1, 610-616 (1997)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345970760011301
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A.J. McDermott, S. Kothari, R.D. Short, R. van Noort, and M.R. Alexander
Surface Chemistry of a High-copper Dental Amalgam
Journal of Dental Research, December 1, 1998; 77(12): 1999 - 2004.
[Abstract] [PDF]