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Quantitative Assessment of the Efficacy of Amorphous Calcium Phosphate/Methacrylate Composites in Remineralizing Caries-like Lesions Artificially Produced in Bovine Enamel

'Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, Bldg. 30, Room 106, MSC-4320, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

A.W. Hailer

'Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, Bldg. 30, Room 106, MSC-4320, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

S. Takagi

American Dental Association Health Foundation, Paffenbarger Research Center

J.M. Antonucci

Dental and Medical Materials Group, Polymers Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA

E.D. Eanes

'Bone Research Branch, National Institute of Dental Research, Bldg. 30, Room 106, MSC-4320, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892

Recent studies show that methacrylate-based composites with amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) as a filler can release supersaturating levels of calcium and phosphate ions in proportions favorable for apatite formation. These findings suggest that such composites could be effectively used as coatings for remineralizing teeth damaged by tooth decay. To examine this hypothesis, we tested composites in vitro for their efficacy to remineralize artificially formed caries-like lesions in extracted bovine incisors. Single 120-µm-thick sagittal tooth sections were placed in holders that exposed only the carious enamel surface. The exposed surfaces were coated with a 1-mm- to 1.5-mm-thick layer of the composite containing, by mass, 40% apatite, silica, or P₂O₇^4--stabilized ACP and 60% photoactivated resin comprised of Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, HEMA, and ZrM. The photocured composite-coated sections were immersed either in a remineralizing solution for 4 weeks at 37°C (static model) or cyclically immersed in demineralizing (0.5 h) and remineralizing solutions (11.5 h) for 2 weeks (dynamic model). Quantitative digital image analysis of matched 102 µm x 220 um areas from contact microradiographs taken of the sections before and after immersion showed that lesions coated with ACP-filled composites fractionally recovered 71% ± 33% of their lost mineral compared with 14% ± 13% for apatite controls in the static model and 38% ± 16% compared with -6% ± 24% in the dynamic model. The results suggest that sealants based on ACP-filled methacrylate composites have the potential to remineralize carious enamel lesions.

Key Words: amorphous calcium phosphate • caries • enamel • methacrylate composites • remineralization.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 75, No. 9, 1679-1686 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345960750091001


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