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Expression of Laminin 5, Fibronectin, and Epithelium-associated Integrins in Recurrent Aphthous Ulcers

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

L.A. MacPhail

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

N. Dekker

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

D. Greenspan

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

J.S. Greenspan

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

F. Lozada-Nur

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

J.A. Regezi

Department of Stomatology and Oral AIDS Center, Division of Periodontology, 521 Parnassus Ave., Box 0650, School of Dentistry, University of California, San Francisco, California 94143, USA

Recurrent aphthous ulceration (RAU) is characterized by an ulcerated lesion that persists longer than traumatic ulcers of similar size. This delayed healing phase of the lesion was investigated for extracellular matrix components and matrix receptors (integrins). The hypothesis tested was that aphthous ulcers may lack key extracellular matrix components, or their receptors, that are necessary for the migration of marginal keratinocytes from the ulcer edge. We immunocytochemically stained biopsy specimens of RAUs and non-involved mucosal specimens from HIV+ and non-infected individuals to investigate the presence and distribution of molecules reported to be associated with re-epithelialization of mucosal and cutaneous wounds. Fibronectin, laminin type 5 (kalinin), and integrin subunits β1, β4, a6, and av were consistently found at the margins of RAU, as they are in traumatic ulcers. The a5 and β6 subunits were not always present. We also found av in the intact stratified squamous epithelium adjacent to ulcers. Immunohistochemical stains showed disruption in the deposition of laminin 5 and an apparent lack of fibronectin at the edges of some ulcers. Although these tissue results do not determine which integrin subunits are paired with each other, they do show some alterations in their expression in RAU. Absence of one or more of these molecules at the migrating front may contribute to delayed epithelial regeneration. It is likely that the absence or inappropriate expression of keratinocyte integrins or their extracellular matrix receptors occurs after the causative factors (currently unknown) of the lesion are gone. The reason for the altered expression of these molecules may be related to the secretory products (including lymphokines and proteinases) of the lymphocytic infiltrate.

Key Words: keratinocyte migration • extracellular matrix • recurrent aphthous ulceration • wound healing • integrins

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 75, No. 7, 1512-1517 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345960750071201


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