This Article Full Text (PDF) References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Uematsu, S. Articles by Deguchi, T. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Uematsu, S. Articles by Deguchi, T. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, Tumor Necrosis Factor-, Epidermal Growth Factor, and β2-Microglobulin Levels Are Elevated in Gingival Crevicular Fluid during Human Orthodontic Tooth Movement

Departments of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental College, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-07, Japan

M. Mogi

Department of Oral Biochemistry, Matsumoto Dental College, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-07, Japan

T. Deguchi

Departments of Orthodontics, Matsumoto Dental College, Shiojiri, Nagano 399-07, Japan

Bone remodeling is a complex process regulated by several mediators. Recent work has revealed that cytokines and growth factors have significant effects on bone cell metabolism. However, little information is available concerning the production of cytokines during orthodontic tooth movement in human subjects, and there is no non-invasive model for determining the production of cytokines. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to identify and quantify the various cytokines in human gingival crevicular fluid (GCF), and to investigate the changes in their levels during orthodontic tooth movement. Twelve patients (mean age, 14.4 years) were used as subjects. An upper canine of each patient having one treatment for distal movement served as the experimental tooth, whereas the contralateral and antagonistic canines were used as controls. The GCF around the experimental and the two control teeth was taken from each subject immediately before activation, and at 1, 24, and 168 hr after the initiation of tooth movement. Cytokine levels were determined by ELISAs. The concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-a, epidermal growth factor, and β₂-microglobulin were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the controls at 24 hr after the experiment was initiated. All the cytokines remained at baseline levels throughout the experiment for the two control groups. In contrast to cytokine alteration, the amount of total protein in the GCF exhibited a gradual increase, but no significant difference was observed between the control and experimental groups. Since all cytokines in GCF play an important role in the bone remodeling processes in vitro, the present results indicate that the changes in cytokines in GCF are associated with orthodontic tooth movement.

Key Words: IL-1β • IL-6 • TNF-a • EGF • β2-microglobulin • GCF • orthodontic tooth movement

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 75, No. 1, 562-567 (1996)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345960750010801


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				Y. Fujimura, H. Kitaura, M. Yoshimatsu, T. Eguchi, H. Kohara, Y. Morita, and N. Yoshida Influence of bisphosphonates on orthodontic tooth movement in mice Eur J Orthod, October 19, 2009; (2009) cjp068v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J. K. MacLaine, A. B. M. Rabie, R. Wong, and A. Blechman Does orthodontic tooth movement cause an elevation in systemic inflammatory markers? Eur J Orthod, October 11, 2009; (2009) cjp108v1. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Henneman, J. W. Von den Hoff, and J. C. Maltha Mechanobiology of tooth movement Eur J Orthod, June 1, 2008; 30(3): 299 - 306. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kereshanan, P. Stephenson, and R. Waddington Identification of dentine sialoprotein in gingival crevicular fluid during physiological root resorption and orthodontic tooth movement Eur J Orthod, June 1, 2008; 30(3): 307 - 314. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. Derringer and R. Linden Epidermal growth factor released in human dental pulp following orthodontic force Eur J Orthod, February 1, 2007; 29(1): 67 - 71. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Yamaguchi, M. Yoshii, and K. Kasai Relationship between substance P and interleukin-1{beta} in gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement in adults Eur J Orthod, June 1, 2006; 28(3): 241 - 246. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. C Meikle The tissue, cellular, and molecular regulation of orthodontic tooth movement: 100 years after Carl Sandstedt Eur J Orthod, June 1, 2006; 28(3): 221 - 240. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				R. J. Waddington and G. Embery Proteoglycans and Orthodontic Tooth Movement J. Orthod., December 1, 2001; 28(4): 281 - 290. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				L.M. Golub, H.-M. Lee, M.E. Ryan, W.V. Giannobile, J. Payne, and T. Sorsa Tetracyclines Inhibit Connective Tissue Breakdown by Multiple Non-Antimicrobial Mechanisms Advances in Dental Research, November 1, 1998; 12(1): 12 - 26. [Abstract] [PDF]

				T.A. Brady, N.P. Piesco, M.J. Buckley, H.H. Langkamp, L.L. Bowen, and S. Agarwal Autoregulation of Periodontal Ligament Cell Phenotype and Functions by Transforming Growth Factor-{beta}1 Journal of Dental Research, October 1, 1998; 77(10): 1779 - 1790. [Abstract] [PDF]