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Cytotoxic Interactive Effects of Dentin Bonding Components on Mouse Fibroblasts

Oral Health Sciences Program, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078

J.C. Wataha

Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Medical College of Georgia, School of Dentistry, Augusta, Georgia 30912-1260

C.T. Hanks

Department of Oral Medicine, Pathology and Surgery, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078

J.B. Dennison

Department of Cariology, Restorative Sciences, and Endodontics, The University of Michigan, School of Dentistry, 1011 N. University Avenue, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1078

Previous studies have shown a wide range of pulpal reactions to dentin bonding systems and a poor correlation between in vitro and in vivo toxicity of dentin bonding agents. Because dentin bonding agents are composed of multiple components which may diffuse through dentin, we hypothesized that these components may cause cytotoxicity through interactive (synergistic) effects. We investigated the cytotoxicities of four dentin bonding components-HEMA, Bis-GMA, TEGDMA, and UDMA-and interactive effects for three binary combinations of the dentin bonding components-HEMA and Bis-GMA, Bis-GMA and TEGDMA, and TEGDMA and UDMA. Cytotoxicities to Balb/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts were measured by the MTT assay. Concentrations which caused 50% toxicity compared with controls (TC₅₀ values) were compared, and the interactive effects were determined by evaluation of the differences between observed and expected MTT activities of the cells. The ranks of toxicity of the dentin bonding components in terms of TC₅₀ values were as follows: Bis-GMA > UDMA > TEGDMA >>> HEMA (least toxic) after 24- and 72-hour exposures. As binary combinations, the three combinations of dentin bonding components interacted in three ways—synergism, additivism, and antagonism-which were influenced by the concentrations of both components. The longer period of exposure resulted in a significant increase in the cytotoxicity of the dentin bonding components and combinations. The findings indicate that both exposure time and the interactions between the dentin bonding components may be important parameters in determining the cytotoxicity of dentin bonding agents in vivo.

Key Words: bonding (dental) • cytotoxicity • fibroblasts

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 74, No. 9, 1602-1606 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740091601


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