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Journal of Dental Research
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The Distribution of Fluoride in Carious Human Enamel

E.I.F. Pearce

Dental Research Unit, HRC of NZ, P.O. Box 27007, Wellington, New Zealand

G.E. Coote

Institute of Geological and Nuclear Sciences, Lower Hutt, New Zealand

M.J. Larsen

Royal Dental College, Aarhus University, Denmark

The proton probe has been used to map F concentration changes in the enamel of 15 teeth showing clinical evidence of caries. Thin sections through the lesions were microradiographed and measurements made of the surface zone (radiodense) and body (radiolucent) areas. Each section was then scanned with a focused beam of 2.5 MeV protons, 2000 spot analyses being performed over areas up to 2 x 3 mm. F was determined by detecting y rays from a nuclear reaction and the data used to construct 3-D surface plots. The maximum F concentration in the lesion surface zone was extremely variable, ranging from 1750 to 21,700 ppm, and rarely occurred over the deepest part of the lesion. F levels were elevated in the lesion body but usually to a small extent only. A large increase in F throughout the lesion body was found in 3 lesions only, and was associated with a surface zone that was thin or of low x-ray density. Relatively small F increases in the lesion body were associated with either a thick, x-ray dense surface layer having a greatly increased F level (> 10,000 ppm) or, conversely, with a surface layer having a relatively small F increase. Since F uptake can be regarded as a "marker" of past remineralization events, this study shows that remineralization can and does occur in the body of natural enamel caries lesions, especially when the surface layer is thin or lost. Fluoride availability that encourages the formation of an extremely dense surface layer may result in under-achievement of this natural repair process in the lesion body.

Key Words: dental enamel • fluoride • dental caries • microradiography • proton probe

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 74, No. 11, 1775-1782 (1995)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345950740111001
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A. Wenzel
Bitewing and Digital Bitewing Radiography for Detection of Caries Lesions
Journal of Dental Research, July 1, 2004; 83(suppl_1): C72 - C75.
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