This Article Free Full Text (Free PDF) Free References Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Add to Saved Citations Download to citation manager Request Permissions Request Reprints Add to My Marked Citations Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Citing Articles via Scopus Google Scholar Articles by Giffard, P.M. Articles by Jacques, N.A. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Giffard, P.M. Articles by Jacques, N.A. Social Bookmarking                         What's this?

Definition of a Fundamental Repeating Unit in Streptococcal Glucosyltransferase Glucan-binding Regions and Related Sequences

Institute of Dental Research, United Dental Hospital, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia

N.A. Jacques

Institute of Dental Research, United Dental Hospital, 2 Chalmers Street, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, Australia

The C-termini of the glucosyltransferases (Gtfs) of oral streptococci are responsible for glucan binding. These glucan-binding domains (GBDs) are composed of a series of repeated sequences that have been classified into four different classes (A-D) by virtue of sequence similarity and which, by inference, have been suggested to be of functional importance. In contrast, we propose that repeat sequences evolve in response to selection for an increase in the number of copies of a particular domain through multiple duplication events occurring at different times. According to this hypothesis, repeats should possess various degrees of similarity, especially if only key residues are of functional importance. Analysis of the GBDs of the Gtfs indicated that a common fundamental repeat, designated the "YG" repeat, could be discerned within the "A", "B", "C", and "D" repeats. Similar elements were also conserved in the ligand-binding repeats of the Clostridium difficile toxins and the lysins and the PspA protein of Streptococcus pneumoniae, suggesting that similar selective pressures had also been imposed on these sequences. Analysis of the "YG" repeats present in the GtfJ and GtfK of Streptococcus salivarius indicated that some of the "YG" repeats in the GBDs of these proteins had arisen as a result of duplication events involving a series of three sequential "YG" repeats.

Key Words: Streptococcus • Glucosyltransferase • Glucan-binding • Evolution.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 73, No. 6, 1133-1141 (1994)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345940730060201


CiteULike    Complore    Connotea    Del.icio.us    Digg    Reddit    Technorati    Twitter    What's this?

This article has been cited by other articles:

				A. H. Nobbs, R. J. Lamont, and H. F. Jenkinson Streptococcus Adherence and Colonization Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2009; 73(3): 407 - 450. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				C. Olvera, J. L. Fernandez-Vazquez, L. Ledezma-Candanoza, and A. Lopez-Munguia Role of the C-terminal region of dextransucrase from Leuconostoc mesenteroides IBT-PQ in cell anchoring Microbiology, December 1, 2007; 153(12): 3994 - 4002. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. A. F. T. van Hijum, S. Kralj, L. K. Ozimek, L. Dijkhuizen, and I. G. H. van Geel-Schutten Structure-Function Relationships of Glucansucrase and Fructansucrase Enzymes from Lactic Acid Bacteria Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., March 1, 2006; 70(1): 157 - 176. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kralj, E. Stripling, P. Sanders, G. H. van Geel-Schutten, and L. Dijkhuizen Highly Hydrolytic Reuteransucrase from Probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Strain ATCC 55730 Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2005; 71(7): 3942 - 3950. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				T. A. Brown Jr., S.-J. Ahn, R. N. Frank, Y.-Y. M. Chen, J. A. Lemos, and R. A. Burne A Hypothetical Protein of Streptococcus mutans Is Critical for Biofilm Formation Infect. Immun., May 1, 2005; 73(5): 3147 - 3151. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. H. Shah, G. Joucla, M. Remaud-Simeon, and R. R. B. Russell Conserved Repeat Motifs and Glucan Binding by Glucansucrases of Oral Streptococci and Leuconostoc mesenteroides J. Bacteriol., December 15, 2004; 186(24): 8301 - 8308. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kralj, G. H. van Geel-Schutten, M. M. G. Dondorff, S. Kirsanovs, M. J. E. C. van der Maarel, and L. Dijkhuizen Glucan synthesis in the genus Lactobacillus: isolation and characterization of glucansucrase genes, enzymes and glucan products from six different strains Microbiology, November 1, 2004; 150(11): 3681 - 3690. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kralj, G. H. van Geel-Schutten, M. J. E. C. van der Maarel, and L. Dijkhuizen Biochemical and molecular characterization of Lactobacillus reuteri 121 reuteransucrase Microbiology, July 1, 2004; 150(7): 2099 - 2112. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. S. Turner, L. M. Hafner, T. Walsh, and P. M. Giffard Identification and Characterization of the Novel LysM Domain-Containing Surface Protein Sep from Lactobacillus fermentum BR11 and Its Use as a Peptide Fusion Partner in Lactobacillus and Lactococcus Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2004; 70(6): 3673 - 3680. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				D. S. H. Shah and R. R. B. Russell A novel glucan-binding protein with lipase activity from the oral pathogen Streptococcus mutans Microbiology, June 1, 2004; 150(6): 1947 - 1956. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Olivares-Illana, A. Lopez-Munguia, and C. Olvera Molecular Characterization of Inulosucrase from Leuconostoc citreum: a Fructosyltransferase within a Glucosyltransferase J. Bacteriol., June 15, 2003; 185(12): 3606 - 3612. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H. Neubauer, A. Bauche, and B. Mollet Molecular characterization and expression analysis of the dextransucrase DsrD of Leuconostoc mesenteroides Lcc4 in homologous and heterologous Lactococcus lactis cultures Microbiology, April 1, 2003; 149(4): 973 - 982. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				J.A. Banas and M.M. Vickerman GLUCAN-BINDING PROTEINS OF THE ORAL STREPTOCOCCI Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, March 1, 2003; 14(2): 89 - 99. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Bozonnet, M. Dols-Laffargue, E. Fabre, S. Pizzut, M. Remaud-Simeon, P. Monsan, and R.-M. Willemot Molecular Characterization of DSR-E, an {alpha}-1,2 Linkage-Synthesizing Dextransucrase with Two Catalytic Domains J. Bacteriol., October 15, 2002; 184(20): 5753 - 5761. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Kralj, G. H. van Geel-Schutten, H. Rahaoui, R. J. Leer, E. J. Faber, M. J. E. C. van der Maarel, and L. Dijkhuizen Molecular Characterization of a Novel Glucosyltransferase from Lactobacillus reuteri Strain 121 Synthesizing a Unique, Highly Branched Glucan with {alpha}-(1->4) and {alpha}-(1->6) Glucosidic Bonds Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2002; 68(9): 4283 - 4291. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. B. Kingston, D. M. Allen, and N. A. Jacques Role of the C-terminal YG repeats of the primer-dependent streptococcal glucosyltransferase, GtfJ, in binding to dextran and mutan Microbiology, February 1, 2002; 148(2): 549 - 558. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				K. K. Gosink, E. R. Mann, C. Guglielmo, E. I. Tuomanen, and H. R. Masure Role of Novel Choline Binding Proteins in Virulence of Streptococcus pneumoniae Infect. Immun., October 1, 2000; 68(10): 5690 - 5695. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. A. Taubman, D. J. Smith, C. J. Holmberg, and J. W. Eastcott Coimmunization with Complementary Glucosyltransferase Peptides Results in Enhanced Immunogenicity and Protection against Dental Caries Infect. Immun., May 1, 2000; 68(5): 2698 - 2703. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				W. Haas and J. A. Banas Ligand-Binding Properties of the Carboxyl-Terminal Repeat Domain of Streptococcus mutans Glucan-Binding Protein A J. Bacteriol., February 1, 2000; 182(3): 728 - 733. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				V. Monchois, A. Reverte, M. Remaud-Simeon, P. Monsan, and R.-M. Willemot Effect of Leuconostoc mesenteroides NRRL B-512F Dextransucrase Carboxy-Terminal Deletions on Dextran and Oligosaccharide Synthesis Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 1998; 64(5): 1644 - 1649. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				H.F. Jenkinson and R. Lamont Streptococcal Adhesion and Colonization Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine, January 1, 1997; 8(2): 175 - 200. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]