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An Immunohistochemical Study of the Distribution of Immunocompetent Cells, Especially Macrophages and Ia Antigen-expressing Cells of Heterogeneous Populations, in Normal Rat Molar Pulp

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-Chome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

N. Kawashima

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-Chome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

T. Kosaka

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-Chome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

A. Matsumoto

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-Chome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

C. Kobayashi

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-Chome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

H. Suda

Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 5-45, Yushima 1-Chome, Bunkyo-Ku, Tokyo 113, Japan

The precise distribution of various immunocompetent cells in rat molar pulp was immunohistochemically examined by use of seven anti-rat monoclonal antibodies. It was demonstrated that rat molar pulp contained many 0X6 (anti-la antigen-positive cells and a large number of ED1 (anti-monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells)-positive, ED2 (anti-tissue macrophages)-positive, and/or OX35 (anti-macrophages and CD4⁺ lymphocytes)-positive cells, Macrophage-like cells predominated in the central portion of the pulp, while cells of dendritic appearance usually existed in the periphery of the pulp. Double-immunaperoxidase staining revealed that these cells showed some heterogeneity, but the majority could be classified as ED1⁺/0X6^-/ED2⁺ cells, which may be Ia histiocytes. Findings also suggested that true dendritic cells may be included in the ED1⁺/0X6⁺/ED2^- category of cells. A small number of T lymphocytes and plasma cells were also detected. These results suggest that the normal dental pulp contains a variety of immunocompetent cells, with macrophages as the most dominating. Following the exogenous invasion of pathogenic stimuli in the pulp, these cells may participate in the defense reaction by acting as phagocytes or antigen-presenting cells, which are essential for the initiation of immune responses.

Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 71, No. 5, 1196-1202 (1992)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345920710051201


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