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A Numerical Model of Temporomandibular Joint Loading
D.M. Smith
Faculty of Dentistry, University of Manitoba, 780 Bannatyne Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3E OW3
K.R. McLachlan
Faculties of Dentistry and Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada R3T 2N2
W.D. McCall, Jr
Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dental Medicine, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14214
A numerical model of the mandible, its articulating surfaces, and the forces exerted by the primary masticatory muscles has been developed for the purpose of investigating loading of the temporomandibular joint. Evidence is presented which shows that the temporomandibular joint is a load-bearing joint over the normal functional range of bite-force positions and angles. In this investigation, temporomandibular joint loads were found to vary from a maximum appositional force of 60% of the bite force (when bite forces were applied to the incisors) to a distracting force of about 5% of the bite force (when applied to the distal surfaces of the third molars).
TMJ loads tended to reach a minimum as a result of vertically directed bite forces positioned at the second molars. A range of conditions in which bite forces were directed parallel to or within approximately 20° of the mid-sagittal plane was found to be conducive to stability of the temporomandibular joint. This stability included symmetry in the direction and in the magnitude of condylar loads as well as the presence of small forces tending to appose the condyle and articular eminence.
TMJ loads tended to reach a maximum in response to mediolaterally directed bite forces. This result is consistent with the fact that no muscle of mastication exhibits a spatial orientation in which the muscle fibers are predominantly mediolateral in direction.
Journal of Dental Research, Vol. 65, No. 8,
1046-1052 (1986)
DOI: 10.1177/00220345860650080201
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