Figure 2. Landmarks for the measurement of post-operative craniofacial length alterations based on radiograph and dental impressions (arrow marker = 10 mm, rule gradations = 1 mm): Po, the most posterior and superior point on the skull; N, the most superior point on the nasofrontal suture; A, the most anterior point on the nasal bone; E, the intersection of the frontal bone and the most supero-anterior point of the posterior limit of the ethmoid bone; Ba, the most posterior and inferior point on the occipital condyle; S, the most inferior point on the intersphenoidal synchondrosis; Pm, the most inferior point on the PMS; Bu, the point on the premaxilla between the alveolar bone and the lingual surface of the upper incisors; Mu, the point on the intersection between the maxillary bone and the mesial surface of the upper first molar; Iu, the incisal edge of the upper incisors; Co, the most superoposterior point of the condylar process; Gn, the most inferior point on the angular process of the mandible; and Bl, the point on the mandible between the alveolar bone and the lingual surface of the lower incisors. P1 & P2, the most anterior and medial points within the temporal fossae that produce the most narrow palatal width; Z1 & Z2, the points on the lateral portion of the zygomatic arch that produce the widest width; C1 & C2, the points on the cranium that produce the widest cranial width; and Pm1 & Pm2, the most lateral points on the premaxilla that produce the widest width. FMp1 & FMp2, the mesial palatal cusps of the upper first molars; SMp1 & SMp2, the mesial palatal cusps of the upper second molars; and Ici, the middle point of the labial side of the upper incisors.