Figure 1. Synergistic effects of NOD1 and NOD2 agonists in combination with synthetic TLR agonists for induction of PGRP-I in oral epithelial cells. Oral epithelial HSC-2 cells were stimulated with FK156 (100 µg/mL) or muramyldipeptide (MDP) (100 µg/mL) plus FSL-1 (1 nM), Poly I:C (10 µg/mL), lipid A (10 ng/mL), Poly U (10 µg/mL), or CpG DNA (10 nM) for 24 hrs in triplicate. The expression of PGRP-I was assessed by flow cytometry. The unshaded curve represents medium alone. The results presented are representative of 3 different experiments.