Figure 4. β-catenin inhibits mineral formation by DPSCs. (A) DPSCs stably expressing HA-tagged β-catenin were established. The expression of β-catenin was determined by Western blot analysis. (B) β-catenin inhibited ALP activity. The experiments were repeated twice, and the results represent average values from triplicate assays. (C) β-catenin inhibited mineral formation of DPSCs, as determined by Alizarin red staining. Cells from panels B and C were cultured in differentiation medium for 10 days. The experiments were repeated twice, and the results represent average values from triplicate assays. ALP, alkaline phosphatase; HA, hemagglutinin.