Figure 1. Wnt signaling induced β-catenin in DPSCs. (A) DPSCs stably expressing hemagglutinin (HA)-tagged Wnt-1 were established. DPSCs were stably transduced with retroviruses expressing Wnt-1 or control vector. Wnt-1 expression was determined by Western blot analysis. (B) Wnt-1 stabilized β-catenin in DPSCs. The cytosolic and nuclear extracts from both DPSC/V and DPSC/Wnt-1 cells were probed with anti-β-catenin monoclonal antibodies. For loading control, the cytosolic extracts (CE) were probed with anti--tubulin monoclonal antibodies, and nuclear extracts (NE) were probed with anti-TFIIB polyclonal antibodies. (C) Wnt-1 did not affect the proliferation of DPSCs. Both DPSC/Wnt-1 and DPSC/V cells were grown with or without serum. Cell numbers were counted in triplicate at the indicated times. CE, cytosolic extract; NE, nuclear extract; HA, hemagglutinin; TFIIB, transcription factor IIB.