Figure 1. Phenotype of the ATE1 mutant mice. Homozygotes and heterozygotes differ from wild-type mice based on the shown tooth abnormalities. Wild-type mice (left) have brown incisors, whereas teeth in heterozygous ATE1 mice (middle) have a whitish, chalk-like appearance. Homozygotes (right) show complete loss of enamel in the front and molar teeth.