Figure 1. Molecular structures of silanes, an isocyanato group bonding to a hydroxyl-rich surface, and the shear bond strength results. (a) 3-Isocyanatoproplytriethoxysilane, (b) 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethox-silane, (c) a suggested mechanism for the isocyanato group reaction with an inorganic surface, and (d) shear bond strengths of the Bis-GMA resin stubs (N = 10) to titanium with various silanes, silane concentration, and grit-blasting systems (Abbreviations: MPS = 3-methacryloyloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; ICS = 3-isocyanatopropyltriethoxysilane).