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Figure 3


Figure 3. Inhibition of TNF{alpha} secretion from RAW 264.7 cells. RAW 264.7 cells were incubated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and substance P, the PSP-derived peptides KN-11, KK-9, or GK-7, or with polymyxin B. The secretion media were assayed for TNF{alpha}. Values obtained were normalized to TNF{alpha} secretion in the presence of LPS alone (100%). Values presented are the mean ± SEM of 3 independent experiments. *Different from secretion in the presence of LPS and substance P. P < 0.05.