Figure 2. Hyaluronan synthases (HASs) mRNA levels in synovial membrane fibroblast cultures treated with and without transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1) determined by a real-time polymerase chain-reaction analysis (PCR). (A) Dose-dependent effects of TGF-β1 on HAS2 mRNA levels (mean ± SD, n = 3). (B) Time-dependent effects of TGF-β1 on HAS2 mRNA levels (mean ± SD, n = 3). (C) Dose-dependent effects of TGF-β1 on HAS3 mRNA levels (mean ± SD, n = 3). (D) Time-dependent effects of TGF-β1 on HAS3 mRNA level (mean ± SD, n = 3). Data were normalized relative to the expression of glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G3PDH) and shown as a fold increase in mRNA expression. The dotted line indicates the control level of HAS mRNAs. Fold increases in the expression of HASs mRNAs by TGF-β1 treatment were compared with the control levels dose- (0.1 ~ 100 ng/mL) and time- (1 ~ 12 hrs) dependently by Student’s t test. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01.