Figure 1. Reference points for linear and angular measurements. Da: antero-superior edge of the mandibular alveolar bone. Cd: most posterior point on the condyle. In: root apex of the mandibular incisor. Go: posterior tip of the angular process. aGo: deepest point on the antegonial notch. The length of the mandibular process (Cd-aGo), length of the condylar process (Cd-In), mandibular length (Da-Cd and Da-Go), and height of the mandibular ramus (Cd-Go) were measured. Angular measurements used in the present study were Da-Cd-aGo and Cd-Go-Da, which reflect the form of the ramus process.